Early+Civilizations

> > **Patriarchal** characteristic of a form of social organization in which the male is the family head and title is traced through the male line > > **Pharoh** Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. In antiquity this title began to be used for the ... > > **Judaism** Jews collectively who practice a religion based on the Torah and the Talmud > > **Monotheistic** believing that there is only one god > > **Covenant** a signed written agreement between two or more parties (nations) to perform some action > > **Prophets** prophet - an authoritative person who divines the future > > **Caste System** a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity > > **Hinduism** the religion of most people in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal > > **Buddhism** Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices considered by most to be a religion and is based on the teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama ... > > **Confucianism** the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity; high value given to learning and to devotion to family (including ancestors); peace ... > > Judaism started in Israel, Hinduism in Pakistan and India(supposedly), Buddhism in India, and lastly, Confucianism in China. > > **What gave Chinese rulers the right to rule and how could this right be lost?** > Mandate of Heaven. It provided an outline for how a ruler should be good, and would remove them if the ruler did their job displeasingly. > > **polis -** A city, or a city-state > > **tyrant -** any person who exercises power in a cruel way; "his father was a tyrant", OR they took the power themselves > > **democracy -** a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them > > **oligarchy -** a political system governed by a few people; "one of his cardinal convictions was that Britain was not run as a democracy but as an oligarchy ... > > **direct democracy -** Direct democracy, classically termed pure democracy, comprises a form of democracy and theory of civics wherein sovereignty is lodged in the assembly of all citizens who choose to participate. ... > > **philosophy -** the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics > > **socratic method -** a method of teaching by question and answer; used by Socrates to elicit truths from his students > > Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were the most famous 3 greek philosophers. > > Socrates was extremely critical of democracy, such as that Athens used. As well as being critical of Sparta's government. He heavily opposed the idea that "might is right". > Plato was against democracy, and thought that few people were fit to rule others. He thinks that reason and wisdom should rule government. Those people, philosopher kings. > Aristotle saw government as three possibilities. Tyranny, Monarchy, and Democracy. > > **republic** - a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to __//**represent**//__ them > > **partician** - a person of refined upbringing and manners > > **plebeian** - one of the common people > > **Senate** - assembly possessing high legislative powers > > **Christianity** - a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament > > **Catholic Church** - any of several churches claiming to have maintained historical continuity with the original Christian Church > > **Islam** - the largest religion in the world. Monotheistic. > > **Feudalism** - the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war > > **Common Law** - Common law refers to law and the corresponding legal system developed through decisions of courts and similar tribunals (called case law), rather ... > > **Magna Carta** - the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215. Magna Carta means Grand Charter. > > //How did Islam help to unite the regions of the Middle East?// > Single religion that unites a group. > > //What system replaced centralized power in Europe in the Middle Ages?// > Feudalism. > > //What was the benefit of instituting the common law?// > Replaced laws that varied place to place. > > //What were some of the developments of the High Middle Ages?// > Gothic churched/cathedrals/monestaries and universities. > > //What was the effect of the Reformation on religious life in Europe? > Martin Luther(not King) believes that the Pope has the say. What the Pope says is true. He finds inconsistencies in preachings and what there is in the bible. Nails inconsistencies on the church wall, and is cut from the church. Started the Protestant branch of Christianity.// //1517// > It effectively split Europe into two major religions.
 * 1) **Civilization** a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations); "the people slowly ...