Terms

** #1 Do you like change? Why do you think many people are resistant to change?: Yes, but i only like good change I can handle it sometimes. **
===** Have you ever read any books about China? What are some customs or traditions in China? How are they the same or different from your family’s customs or traditions?: Yes, eat rice, sons go to war, fathers get to pick who there daughters marry. The men had the power. **===

=** Part 1 **=

===** Spheres of Influence: Is an area or region over which a state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military or political influence. **===
 * Term is also used to describe non-political situations
 * In World War II the Japanese Empire had quite a large sphere of influence
 * Sphere of influence which designates the geographical area where it dominates the retail trade

===** Extraterritoriality: Denoting the freedom of an ambassador or other embassy staff from the jurisdiction of the territory of residence. **===
 * Most well-known cases of historical extraterritoriality concerned Eurpean nationals in 19th century China and Japan under the so-called unequal treaties.
 * Japan later claimed extraterritorial privileges elsewhere in Asia.
 * Shanghai in particular became a major center of foreign activity, as it contained two extraterritorial zones, the International Settlement and the French Concession // . //

** Indermnity: Security or protection against a loss or other financial burden. **

 * An indemnity is a sub-species of compensation
 * England and Wales an "indemnity" monetary award may form part of rescission during an action of Restitutio in intergum
 * Contract before rescission is voidable but not void, meaning that, for a period of time, there is a legal contract

** Boxers: As an anti-imperialism, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society" **
Open Door Policy: Is a concept in foreign affairs.
 * Was a secret society founded inShnadong, located in the North province of China
 * Believed that they could, through training, diet, martial arts and prayer, perform extraordinary feats, such as flight, and could become immune to swords and bullets
 * Boxer slogan became “support the Qing, destroy the Foreign.

To improve their balance of trade with China, the British sold the Chinese: Opium, tea, silk As a result of China losing the first Opium War to Britain:
 * Open Door is generally associated with China, it was recognized at the Berlin Conference of 1885
 * partition of China by the European powers and Japan seemed imminent, the United States felt its commercial interests in China threatened
 * the US sent notes to major powers ( France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, and Russia), asking them to declare formally that they would uphold Chinese territorial and administrative integrity and would not interfere with the free use of the treaty ports within their speres of influence in Russia.
 * The open door policy stated that all European nations, and the United States, could trade with China.
 * first item that tended to sell in China was Spanish bullion.
 * American export to China was ginseng.
 * Chinese mandarins’ desire for bullion, ginseng, and furs was the primary impetus for America’s initiation of trade with China
 * American traders began to focus their funds on acquiring Chinese goods—a practice that the Chinese were more willing to adopt
 * resulted was the flooding of Chinese teas, cottons, silks, rhubarb, cassia, nankeens (durable, yellow cloth), floor matting, lacquerware, fans, furniture ,and porcelains, into America, to the extent that even those of poor social classes possessed some Chinese items

In the Treaty of Tianjin after the second Opium War, China agreed to:

The Qing dynasty’s “self strengthening” reforms included:

The Qing dynasty was weakened by:

Sun Yat-sen: Was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader.

 * Sun is frequently referred to as the Father of the Nation.
 * Sun Yat-sen was born on 12 November 1866.
 * He was the first provisional president when the Republic of China.

Provincial: Indicates anything pertaining to a province.

 * Historically many countries did not include their capital city in their division into provinces.
 * As a result "provincial" meant from anywhere outside the capital, leading to this occasional modern use.
 * the term is not intrinsically positive or negative.

Guomindang: Is a political party of the Republic of China.

Qing: Also known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the last ruling dynasty of China.
 * It is the founding and the ruling political party of the ROC.
 * The headquarters of the KMT is located in Taipei, Taiwan,
 * The KMT forms what is known as the Taiwanese Pan-Blue coalition

Revolutionary Alliance: The Tongmenghui also known as the Chinese United League or the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance The coming of Westerners changed the Chinese economy by Yuan tried to rule China without When the Nationalists’ rebellion failed, When General Yuan Shigai died in 1916, By 1925, many urban, middle-class Chinese people
 * The dynasty was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro in what is today northeast China.
 * During its reign the Qing Dynasty became highly integrated with Chinese culture.
 * The dynasty reached its height in the 18th century, during which both territory and population were increased.
 * Was a secret society and underground resistance movement organized by Sun Yat-sen and Song jiaoren in Tokyo, Japan.
 * This new alliance was created through the unification of Sun's Xingzhonghui, or // Revive China Society. //
 * Combining republican, nationalist, and socialist objectives, the Tongmenghui's political platform was "To expel Tartar barbarians and to revive Zhonghua, to establish a republic, and to distribute land equally among the people."

** Part 3: **
====Daimyo: I s a generic term referring to the powerful territorial lord  ====
 * They were the most powerful feudal rulers from the 10th century to the early 19th century in Japan following the Shogun.
 * The term "daimyo" is also sometimes used to refer to the leading figures of such clans, also called "Lord".
 * The shugo daimyo were the first group of men to hold the title "daimyo".