Unit+12+Cold+War

PART ONE - DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLD WAR

Vocabulary **Define: aid, satellite state, policy of containment, occupy, creation, arms race, deterrence, administration, communications, domino theory.** People **and Events Identify: Truman Doctrine, Dean Acheson, Marshall Plan, NATO, Warsaw Pact, SEATO, CENTO, Nikita Khrushchev.

Vocabulary-

aid-To help or furnish with help, support, or relief

Satellite State-a political term that refers to a country that is formally independent

policy of containment- a United States policy using military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to temper the spread of Communism.

occupy-keep busy with

creation- the making of something.

arms race-competition between nations to have the most powerful armaments

deterrence-negative motivational influence

administration-method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people

communication- activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information

domino theory-A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.

Identify-

Truman Doctrine-The Truman Doctrine was an attempt to check Soviet expansion into Turkey and Greece. The Truman Doctrine granted aid to anticommunist forces in those nations. Congress approved $250 million for Greece and $150 million for Turkey and promised assistance to other nations threatened "by armed minorities or by outside pressure."

Dean Acheson-(born April 11, 1893, Middletown, Conn., U.S. — died Oct. 12, 1971, Sandy Spring, Md.) U.S. secretary of state (1949 – 53). After graduating from Yale University and Harvard Law School, he practiced law in Washington, D.C. In 1941 he joined the State Department, where he later served as undersecretary (1945 – 47).

Marshall Plan-(1948 – 51) U.S.-sponsored program to provide economic aid to European countries after World War II. The idea of a European self-help plan financed by the U.S. was proposed by George Marshall in 1947 and was authorized by Congress as the European Recovery Program. It provided almost $13 billion in grants and loans to 17 countries and was a key factor in reviving their economies and stabilizing their political structures. The plan's concept was extended to less-developed countries under the point four program.

NATO-The signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949 marked the end of an American tradition of non-tangling alliances from the years of the early Republic. The treaty reflected Cold War fears of Soviet aggression and linked the United States and Canada on one side of the Atlantic with Iceland, Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Portugal, and Italy on the other side. (Subsequently, Greece and Turkey in 1952, West Germany in 1955, Spain in 1982, and the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland in 1999 would join the alliance.)

Warsaw Pact-Military alliance of the Soviet Union, Albania (until 1968), Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania, formed in 1955 in response to West Germany's entry into NATO. Its terms included a unified military command and the stationing of Soviet troops in the other member states. Warsaw Pact troops were called into action to suppress uprisings in Poland (1956), Hungary (1956), and Czechoslovakia (1968). The alliance was dissolved in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet bloc, and Soviet troops departed. Several Warsaw Pact members later joined NATO.

SEATO-Regional defense organization (1955 – 77) comprising Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, Britain, and the U.S. It was founded as part of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty in order to protect the region from communism.

CENTO-Mutual-security organization, originally composed of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and Britain. It was formed in 1955, at the urging of the U.S. and Britain, to counter the threat of Soviet expansion into the Middle East. CENTO was never very effective. Iraq withdrew after its anti-Soviet monarchy was overthrown in 1959.

Nikita Khrushchev-    **
 * **Born:** 17 April 1894
 * **Birthplace:** Kalinovka, Kursk
 * **Died:** 11 September 1971

Born a Ukrainian peasant, Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev joined the Communist party in 1918 and in four decades rose through the ranks to become the leader of all the Soviet Union. Khrushchev first became a member of the party's central committee in 1934.

During the Cold War period, new military alliances were created. Identify the members of the alliances in the chart below.

1.America 2.Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. 3.Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, Britain, and the U.S. 4.Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and Britain.


 * QUESTIONS**

Harry s. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, Mr. Meyer, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Regan, George Bush Senior..... 
 * 1) What was the Marshall Plan? U.S.-sponsored program to provide economic aid to European countries after World War II.
 * 2) Why did the United States and the Soviet Union become involved in an arms race?for national threats, and showing wich nation had more power.
 * 3) What was the domino theory? Was it right or wrong? Why?it was the spread of communism through out nations.
 * 4) Explain why the Berlin Wall was built.it was built to split the east from the west.
 * 5) Summarizing Information Use TIMETOAST to list the American presidents who held office during the Cold War and major events related to the Cold War that took place during their administrations. (for this exercise we define COLD WAR as between 1947 and 1991 - include major weapons developments)

PART TWO - THE SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN EUROPE  Vocabulary Define:

heavy industry - the manufacture of machines and equipment for factories and mines

conform - to be obedient or compliant

de-Stalinization - the process of eliminating Stalin’s more ruthless policies

symbol - something that stands for something else by reason of relationship, association, or conventions; a visible sign of something invisibile People Identify:

Alexander Solzhenitsyn (December 11, 1918 – August 3, 2008)

Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn was a Soviet and Russian novelist, dramatist, and historian. Through his writings he helped to make the world aware of the Gulag, the Soviet Union's forced labor camp system – particularly The Gulag Archipelago and One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, two of his best-known works. Solzhenitsyn was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1970. He was exiled from the Soviet Union in 1974 and returned to Russia in 1994. Solzhenitsyn was the father of Ignat Solzhenitsyn, a conductor and pianist.

Tito (May 7 or 25, 1892 – May 4, 1980)

Josip Broz Tito (born Josip Broz) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. He was Secretary-General (later President) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939–80), and went on to lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Yugoslav Partisans (1941–45). After the war, he was the authoritarian Prime Minister (1943–63) and later President (1953–80) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). Tito was the chief architect of the "second Yugoslavia", a socialist federation that lasted from World War II until 1991. Despite being one of the founders of Cominform, he was also the first (and the only successful) Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony. A backer of independent roads to socialism (sometimes referred to as "national communism" or "Titoism"), he was one of the main founders and promoters of the Non-Aligned Movement, and its first Secretary-General. As such, he supported the policy of nonalignment between the two hostile blocs in the Cold War. Yugoslavian politician who led the resistance to Nazi occupation during World War II, established independence from the USSR (1948), and as president (1953-1980) pursued a national Communism that stressed neutrality in foreign affairs.

Imre Nagy (June 7, 1896 – June 16, 1958)

Imre Nagy was a Hungarian politician, appointed Prime Minister of Hungary on two occasions. Nagy's second term ended when his non-Soviet- backed government was brought down by Soviet invasion in the failed Hungarian Revolution of 1956, resulting in Nagy's execution on charges of treason two years later.

Alexander Dubcek (November 27, 1921 – November 7, 1992) Alexander Dubček was a Slovak politician and briefly leader of Czechoslovakia (1968–1969), famous for his attempt to reform the Communist regime (Prague Spring). Later, after the overthrow of the authoritarian government in 1989, he was Chairman of the federal Czecho-Slovak parliament.

Summarizing Information: Identify how the Soviet Union carried out Communist policies.

After World War II, six countries in Eastern Europe became Soviet satellite states. Identify these six countries. There were seven not six.

The People's Republic of Albania The People's Republic of Bulgaria The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic The German Democratic Republic The People's Republic of Poland The Socialist Republic of Romania The People's Republic of Hungary

QUESTIONS

How did the emphasis on heavy industry affect the Soviet people?

Why were Albania and Yugoslavia able to remain free of Soviet control?

PART THREE - WESTERN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA

role- the function assumed or part played by a person or thing in a particular situation bloc- a combination of countries, parties, or groups sharing a common purpose. real wages, civil rights movement, consumer society, women’s liberation movement, publish.
 * Vocabulary** Define: welfare state- a system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, esp. those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits. The foundations for the modern welfare state in the U.S. were laid by the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
 * People** and Events Identify: Charles de Gaulle, European Economic Community, John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr., Simone de Beauvoir.